WebNov 26, 2013 · To determine how testosterone influences birdsong, ... Transmission of a neurodegenerative disorder from humans to mice. α-Synuclein deposits in the brainstems of inoculated mice. The neurodegenerative disorder known as multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a variant of Parkinson disease (PD) and is characterized by the accumulation of … Based on this evidence of learning and localized song types, researchers began to investigate the social learning of birdsong as a form of cultural transmission. The behavior patterns constituting this culture are the songs themselves, and the song types can be considered as traditions. Dopamine circuits and … See more Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs are the bird sounds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, songs (relatively complex vocalizations) are … See more The avian vocal organ is called the syrinx; it is a bony structure at the bottom of the trachea (unlike the larynx at the top of the mammalian trachea). … See more One of the two main functions of bird song is mate attraction. Scientists hypothesize that bird song evolved through sexual selection, and experiments suggest that the quality of bird … See more The songs of different species of birds vary and are generally typical of the species. Species vary greatly in the complexity of their songs and in the number of distinct … See more The distinction between songs and calls is based upon complexity, length, and context. Songs are longer and more complex and are … See more The acquisition and learning of bird song involves a group of distinct brain areas that are aligned in two connecting pathways: • Anterior forebrain pathway (vocal learning): composed of Area X, which is a homologue to … See more The specificity of bird calls has been used extensively for species identification. The calls of birds have been described using words or nonsense … See more

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